Holarctic Marmots as a factor of Biodiversity.
Rumiantsev V.Yu;, Nikol'skii A.A. & Brandler O.V. eds.,
Abstracts, 3d Conference on Marmots (Cheboksary, Russia, 25-30 August 1997),
Moscow ABF 1997, 216p., 49 (Russian), 152-153 (English).


THE COMMON SURVEY OF THE HISTORICAL, EXPERIENCE SPREADING, MARMOTS' GUARDING AND THE STATE OF THE MARMOTOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN THE CHUVAS REPUBLIC


L.N. Ivanov*, A.V. Dimitriev **

*National Academy of Sciences and Arts of Chuvash Republic,
**The State nature reserve "Prisursky" Cheboksary, Russia


In the historical past the steppe marmot was spread rather widely on the Chuvash Republic territory (Eversmann, 1850; Kirikov, 1980; bibikov, 1989 a.o).

In 1930-32 years in the Chuvash Republic existed 7 large marmots' colonies and was organized the marmots' reserve on the territory more than 1 thousand hectares. In 1935-36 years here remained 3 colonies (Ljvova, 1936), and later - only one in the Batyrevsky region (Ljvova, 1952; Oliger and others, 1966; Voronov, 1979, 1985, 1990). On the last base 19.10.1961 by the Council of Ministers and owing to the effort of the zoologists was organized the Batyrevsky marmots' reserve (Karyagin et al.,1996).

The only remained relict marmots' colony survived owing to the considerable efforts of the local authorities, the administration of the collective-farm "Gvardeets" of the Batyrevsky district, scientists' efforts, the legislative and executive authorities of the Republic, the inhabitants of the neighbouring villages.

Beginning from 1982 till 1990 years in the Republic were fulfilled reacclimatized works by the administration of the hunting economy and the Chuvashhuntingfish union. 920 individuals were let out, among them 550 marmots were brought from the Ulyanovsky region and 370 - from the Saratovsky region. One inner republical settlement of the marmots was made in the Urmarsky district.

In 1991 in the Republic in six districts were registered 414 marmots, among them 184 of young ones. The marmots inhabitted in 92 families (Dimitriev, 1993). From the analysis of the young ones number from the common marmots' number, the habitable holes, the families and the areas, which were occupied by the colonies, the presence of the daughter colonies were fixed the well-beging settlements. At present are progressing the settlements in Jadrinsky, Kanashsky, Tsivilsky and Krasnoarmeysky districts.

In 1996 in nine districts of the Republic were registered 511 marmots, among them were 269 of young ones. The marmots inhabitted in 98 families (Dimitriev, 1997).

In 1997 by the observation was fixed that the marmots in the Republic feel themselves rather well and by the natural way widen their habitats (see the abstract in the present collection).

In the Republic was made the analysis of the marmots' destruction (Dimitriev, 1996). They are essential, but they can't influence on the tendency of the marmots' live-stock growth.

At present in the Republic are being held marmotological scientific researches on the following directions: geography: the marmots' spreading, the colonies' description; ecology, innerpopularization relations and nature guarding: the description, the choice and the preparation of the documents of for them organization the special guarded natural are, the study of the marmatobiogeocenozes (beetles, cicadeas, plants, vertebral animals); monitoring for the marmots' clonies, the study of the population's density vibration, the peculiarities of the ecology construction and territorial settlement of the animals, the composition of the colonies' cadastre; history, phlology, psychology, culture, ethnopedagogics: ethno-social and social-cultural researches, the study of the myphology, legends, words-idioms, the preparation of the questionnaire interrogatory, the reestablishment of the marmots' history reacclimatization, the creation of the specially guarded natural areas, where the marmots inhabit; the agriculture: the influence on the crops by the marmots, the pasturage of the cattles and the marmots, the collective-farm "Leninskaja Iskra" of the Jadrinsky district and the landscape role of the marmots; the coordination of the marmotological researches in Srednye Povolzhye: scientific researches by schoolchildren, students, post-graduates under the scientists' guidance; also in biochemistry, physiology, anthropogenny influence on the marmots.

The scientists of the Republic together with the practical workers take part in different conferences with the results of the marmotological researches, conferences of the neighbouring and far foreign countries. The number of the published works is increasing. In high schools are made course and diploma works about marmots.

In 1996 in Cheboksary took place the II International (VI) conference about marmots of the SNG countries, are held preparatory works to the III World conference about the marmots, is planned the conference in future for studying marmotobiogeocenozes.



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