Demberel

Holarctic Marmots as a factor of Biodiversity.
Rumiantsev V.Yu;, Nikol'skii A.A. & Brandler O.V. eds.,
Abstracts, 3d Conference on Marmots (Cheboksary, Russia, 25-30 August 1997),
Moscow ABF 1997, 216p., 32-33 (Russian), 132-133 (English)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARMOTS AND PLAGUE NATURAL FOCI OF MONGOLIA

J. Demberel

Center for Control and Research Natural Infections
Mongolia

Marmots are spread on 68.2 per cent of the territory of Mongolia. These rodents are the main host of most plague natural foci of the country. The natural foci were found in the 55.3 per cent of marmot distribution area. These facts show that the marmots carry out very important role in storing (or conserving) the plague in nature and divide into regions of plague foci.

Many Mongolian and international scientists have proposed different division into regions on plague foci of Mongolia, main principles of such divisions being in space differentiation, foci nomenclatures, classification and etc.. I have tried to make a new and more comprehensive division in to regions of natural foci. This work have been based on many years study and publications (Demberel 1967, 1969, 1974, 1987).Also I have taken into account other scientist's version on taxonjmy (Nekipelov,1959; Kucheruk, Bibikov, 1980). I am glad that I was considered a principal author of Central Asian natural foci classification by some scientists (Demberel, Kraminskii, Nekipelov, Ravdonikus and Chulunbator, 1974) while some other scientists (Varshavskii et al., 1975; Kucheruk, Bibikov, 1980) had quoted from my work on division into regions of foci.

I consider that there are geographical and structural differentiations between plague natural foci. Therefore if the differentiation's border are defined it will be a comprehensive division in to regions of foci.

Mongolian plague foci taxonomy is characterized by 4 hierarchical gradations: typical, regional, meso and local. It based on the geographical, ecological, structural, epidemiological and epizootological features of foci. The plague foci of Mongolia have been divided into 3 different typical foci: forest-steppe-mountain, steppe and gobi. These typical foci differentiated from each others by autonomic criterias, composition of plague hosts and other many characteristics. For example, the hosts of forest-steppe-mountain typical foci are marmots and sousliks, the steppe - marmots and voles, the gobi - gerbils and pikas.

Typical Foci Regional Foci Meso Foci Host(s)
Forest-steppe-mountain typical Foci Central Altai Ar Siilkhem
Uvur Siilkhem
Altai-Tagna Marmot (M)
M
M

Mongolian Altai Bukhun-Khukhserkh
Ezerleg-Doshin
Munkhairkhan
Myangan-Ugalzat
Jargalant
Sutai
Ugalz-khanjaragalant
Khasagt
Khantaishir
Burkhanbuudai-Gichg
Bayantsagaan M, pika (P)
M, P
M
M
M, P
M
M
M
M
M
M
Khangai Kankhukhii
Tes-Selenge
Jaruu-Bogd
Buyant
Baidrag
Tsagaanturuut
Tui-Shargaljiuut
Tats-Ongi
Batkhaan
Chuluut-Hanui
Tekh
Gurvan tamir M
M
M
M
M, Souslik (S), Vole (V)
M
M
M
M
M
M
M, S

Khentei Tuul
Mugun-Kherlen
Tsenker-Mure
Idermeg-Batnorov
Khurkh-Onon
Khentii taiga M
M
M
M
M
M
Khuvsgul taiga

Steppe Typical Foci

DundadKhalk Arvaikheer
Adaatsag-Deven
Choir
Bayanmunkh-Darkhan
Bayankhutag-Art M, V
M, V
M, V
M, V
M, V

Daguur-Khuluhbuir Daguur
Khulunbuir
Tamsag M, S, V
M, S
Gerbil (B)
Ar Khingan

Ereen-Chandagat
Daryganga
Shiliin gol M
M, V
M
Gobi Typical Foci Gobi-Altai Gurvansaikhan P, G
Ar Gobi Ulaangom
Delgerkhaan
Hongor-Khalsan G, P
G, P
G, P
South Gobi

East Gobi Delgerekh
Erdene
Borkhoi G, P
G, P
G, P

The forest-steppe-mountain foci were self divided into 5 regional foci, the steppe - 3 regional, the gobi - 4 regional foci respectively. These regional foci are divided in to 50 mesofoci and 164 local foci. I made the following taxonomy of plague foci:

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Typical Foci	Regional Foci	Meso Foci	Host(s)
Forest-steppe-mountain typical Foci	Central Altai	Ar Siilkhem Uvur Siilkhem Altai-Tagna	Marmot (M) M M
	Mongolian Altai	Bukhun-Khukhserkh Ezerleg-Doshin Munkhairkhan Myangan-Ugalzat Jargalant Sutai Ugalz-khanjaragalant Khasagt Khantaishir Burkhanbuudai-Gichg Bayantsagaan	M, pika (P) M, P M M M, P M M M M M M
	Khangai	Kankhukhii Tes-Selenge Jaruu-Bogd Buyant Baidrag Tsagaanturuut Tui-Shargaljiuut Tats-Ongi Batkhaan Chuluut-Hanui Tekh Gurvan tamir	M M M M M, Souslik (S), Vole (V) M M M M M M M, S
	Khentei	Tuul Mugun-Kherlen Tsenker-Mure Idermeg-Batnorov Khurkh-Onon Khentii taiga	M M M M M M
	Khuvsgul taiga
Steppe Typical Foci	DundadKhalk	Arvaikheer Adaatsag-Deven Choir Bayanmunkh-Darkhan Bayankhutag-Art	M, V M, V M, V M, V M, V
	Daguur-Khuluhbuir	Daguur Khulunbuir Tamsag	M, S, V M, S Gerbil (B)
	Ar Khingan	Ereen-Chandagat Daryganga Shiliin gol	M M, V M
Gobi Typical Foci	Gobi-Altai	Gurvansaikhan	P, G
	Ar Gobi	Ulaangom Delgerkhaan Hongor-Khalsan	G, P G, P G, P
	South Gobi
	East Gobi	Delgerekh Erdene Borkhoi	G, P G, P G, P